Valentinesday

year: 2026

And although Aſtrologie may here put in, and plead the ſecret in- fluence of this Starre; yet Galen I perceive in his Comment, makes no ſuch conſideration, confirming the truth of the Aphoriſme from rhe heat of the yeare, and the operation of Medicines exhibited, io regard: that bodies being heated by the Summer, cannot fo well endurethe acrimony of purging Medicines, and becauſe upon purgations contrary motions enſue, the heat of the Ayre attrating the humours outward, and the aRion of the Medicine retraRing the ſame inward : but theſe are readily falved in the diſtinRiont before alleadged , and partictlar- ly inthe conſtitucionof our climate and divers others, wherein the Ayre makes no ſuch exhauſtion of ſpirits; add in the benignity of | our Medicines, whereof ſome in their owne natures , others well | prepared , agitate not the humours, or make a ſenſible pertur- | bation. | Nor do we hereby rejeR or condemne a ſober and r ed Aſtro-

logyz we hold there is more truth therein then in Aſtrologers, in ſome more then many allow, yet in none ſo much as ſome pretend ; we deny. not the influence of the Stars , but often ſuſpeR the due application thereof; for though we ſhould affirme that all things were in all things, that heaven were but carth celeſtificd , and earth but heaven terreſtri- | | fied, or that cach part above had an influence upon its devided affinity | below ; yet how to fingle out theſe relations, and duely to apply their |

aQions is a worke oft times to be effeRed by ſome revelation, and Ca- <f bala from above, rather then any Philoſophy, or ſpeculation here be- low ; what power ſoever they have upon our bodies, it is not requiſite they ſhould deſtroy our reaſons, that is,to make us rely on the ſtrength "j of Nature, when ſhe is leaſt able to relieve us, and when we conceive | the heaven againſt us, to refuſe the aſſiſtance of the earth created for |

usz this were to ſuffer from the mouth of the Dog above, what others | Upon the bi doe from the teeth of Dogs below that is, to be afraid of their proper | tn of » mad remedy, and refuſe to approach any water, though that hath often pro- | 552 ages ved a cure unto their diſeaſe. There isin wiſe men a power beyond | phobia or tear the ſtars; and Pcolomy encourageth us, that by fore-knowledge, wee | ** "***: may evade their aQions z for, being but univerſall cauſes, they are de- termined by particular agents , which being inclined not conſtrained, containe within themſelves the caſting aR , and a power to command | the concluſion,

Laſtly, if all be conceded, and were there in this Aphoriſme an un- | reſtrained: ;

reſtrained truth, yet were it not reaſonable to inferre from a caution

a nen-uſance or abolition , from a thing to bee uſed with diſcretion, | notto be uſed at all ; becauſe the Apoſtle bids us beware of Philoſo- phy, heads of extremity will have none at all; anuſuall fallacie in yul- gar and leſſe diſtinQive braines , who having once overſhot the mean, run violently on, and finde no reſt but inthe extreams.

And hereon we have the longer infiſted , becauſe the errour is ma- teriall, and concernes oftimes the life of man : an errour to bee taken notice of by State , and provided againſt by Princes, who are of the opinion of Salomon, that their riches conſiſt inthe multitude of their SubjeRs : an errour worſe then ſome reputed Herefies, and of greater danger to the body,then they unto the ſoul, which whoſoever is ableto reclaime, he ſhall ſave more in one Summer,then Themiſon deſtroyed in any Autumne; he ſhall introduce a new way of cure, preſerving by Theorie, as well as praQice, and men not onely from death, but trom deſtroying themſelves.

Of many things queſtionable as they are commonly deſcribed in Pittures.

29 Nd firſt in every place we meet with the piure of D xZ& the Pelecan, opening her breaſt with her bill, and 7-2 feeding her young enes with the bloud diſtilling VSZY from her : Thus is it ſet forth not onely in com- Fe mon ſignes, but in the Creſt and Scucheon of & many Noble families, hath been afſerted by many holy Writers, and was an Hieroglyphicke of pic-

happy valentine’s day! i think i’ve been working on LRC for a year now, well at least i started it a year ago, not that i’ve been working on it continuously haha

tie and pittic among the Agyptians, on which conſideration, they ſpa- | red them at their tables. | . . Notwithſtanding upon enquirie we finde no mention hereof in An-

cient Zoographers, and ſuch as have particularly diſcourſed upon Ani- | mals, as Ariſtotle, Xlian, Plinie, Solinus and many more,who ſeldom

forget proprietics of ſuch a nature, and have beene very punuall in

their young; for Z&lian diſcourſing of Storkes , and their affeRion to-

deliver up the proviſion of their bellies,concludeth at laſt, that Herons

As for the teſtimonies of ancient Fathers, and Ecclefiaſticall wri- ters,we may more ſafely conceive therein ſome Emblematicall then any reall Storie: ſo doth Eucherius confeſle it to bee the Embleme of |

Chriſt; and wee are unwilling literally to reccive that account of Je- rome, that perceiving her young ones deſtroyed by Serpents,ſhe open- | eh her fide with her bill, by the blood whereof they revive and return | unto life againe; by which relation they might indeed illuſtrate the de-

ſtruction of man by the old Serpent, and his reſtorement by the blood of Chriſt:and in this ſenſe we ſhall not diſpute the like relations of Ay. ſtine, Tfidore, Albertus, and many more, and under an Emblematicall intention, we accept it in coat armour.

As for the Hicroglyphick ofthe Egyptians , they erected the ſame upon another Story, that is, from carneſtly proteting her young, when

aſſertion of the Egyptians,but ſeemes tranſlated unto the Pelecan from the Vulture.as Picrius hath moſt plainly delivered. Sed quod Pelicanum (nt etiam alijs pleriſg, perſueſum eſt) reſtro pettus diſſecamem pingunt, ita ut ſao ſanguine filios alat , ab Xgyptiorum hiftoria valde alienum eſt, ill enim vulturem tantum id facere tradiderunt.

i have a few thoughts i want to get out there

And laſtly,as concerning the piRure, if naturally ex1mined,and not | Hiereglyphically conceived, it containeth many impropricties, diſa- | greceing almoſt in all things from the true and proper deſcription: for | fiiſt , whereas it is commonly ſet forth green or yellow, in its proper | colour, it is inclining to white, excepting the cxtreamitics or tops ; of the wing feathers, which are black: It is deſcribed in the big- ; neſſe of a Henne, whereas it approacheth and ſometimes exceedeth

the magnitude of a Swanne it is commonly painted with a ſhort bill, | whereas that of the Pelecan attaineth ſometimes the length of two | ſpannes. The bill is made acute or pointed at the end; whereas indeed | itis flatand broad, and ſomewhat inverted at the extreame. It is di-

ded; wheremK is palmipedous,or fin-footed like Swannes and Geeſe, | accordivg tothe Mcthode of nature, in latiroſtrous or flat bild birdes, which beirg generally ſwimmers, the organ is wiſely contriv'd unto the ation, and they are framed with fins or oares upon their feet ; and therefore they neither light, nor build ontrees , it we except Cormo- rants, who make their neſts like Herons. Laſtly , there is one part omitted more remarkeable then any other, and that is the chowle or croppe adhering unto the lower fide of the bill, and ſo deſcending by | the throat a bagge or ſachell very obſervable, and of capacity almoſt beyond credit, which notwithſtanding , this animall could not want; for therein (as Ariſtotle, Alian, and Bellonius ſince averreth) it recei-

| being not able to breake, it retaines them untill they open , and vomit- , ting them up,takes out the meat contained. This is that part preſerved fora rarity,and wherein ( as SanRius delivers) in one diſfcRed, a Ne-

her neſt was ſct on fire; for as for letting out her blood , it was not the

veth Oyſters, Cochles, Sckollops,and other teſtaceous anima's,which |

ſcribed like fiſſipedes , or birdes which have their feet or clawes diyi- | |

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Pliny , their Pourtraits in ſome ancient Coynes are framed in this fi- as will appeare in ſome thereof in Geſner, others in Golefius, and

first, i hate ai, although probably if it wasn’t for ai, i would still have a similar critique wrt film “train dreams”. it looks like it was ai… something about it just felt ai to me, maybe it was like the sluggishness of the movements or the length and rhythm of the shots, it either looked like ai or stock footage. it was an alright film but it’s just unfortunate to see something that’s almost certainly real, and have your ai detector keep ringing nonstop

Yevien Hulfius in his deſcription of Coynes, from Julius Czlar unto

Notwithſtanding , to ſpeake ſtriQly in their naturall figure they are

embowed , then Sharkes, Porpoſes, Whales, and other Cetz- ceous aniimalls , as Scaliger plainly affirmethz, Corpas habet now magis curuem gaam reliqui piſcesz as ocular enquiry informeth , and as unto ſuch as haye not had the opportunitie to behold them, their proper iQs will diſcover in Rondeletius, Geſner,and Aldrovandus,and

drawne repandous, or connexedly crooked in onepiece, yet the Dol- IIa E PITS CIOS in another. X . ben bats deliveted of their lace, mult cither bee taken Emphatically, that is not really but in neth, when they leap above water , and ſuddenly ſhoowlowne againez which is a fallacy in viſton, whereby ſtraight bodies in a ſudden moti- ' on protruded obliquely do appear unto the eye this is the conſtruRion of Bellonius : or if it be taken really, it muſt noe univerſally and perpetually , that is, not when they ſwimme and re- maine intheir figures, but onely when they leape, or impetu- ouſly whirle their bodies any way, and this is the opinion of Gelnerus. Or laſtly, it muſt be taken neither really , nor 7, but onely

Emblematically; for being the Hy of celerity, and ſwiſter rs on per yaa "> incurvity, and under fome figureofa bowe , and inthis ſenſe doe Heralds TT Cn Dn GETS phin imbowed. |

And thus alſo muſt tHat piQure be-taken of a Dolphin claſping an Anchor;that is notreally, as is by moſt conceived out of affection

ly,according as Pierius hath expreſſed it, The ſwifteft animall coo- lente,and that celerity ſhould always be contempered with cunRation. -

| Cnar, 11. Of the pilture of Dolphins. Tr Dolphins are crooked , is not onely affirmed by. the hand of the Painter, but con ——— gure; which is not onely the opinion of our times , but ſcemes the be- | liefe of elder times before us : for beſidethe of Ovid and

|| the interpretation of DiRionarics, and we muſt with candour make out |

*; &@ T Rp - + Of the Pillare of « Craſhopper. Here is alſo among us a common deſcription and piture of x

i think the second thing i want to talk about here is that i had a few thoughts about prediction markets. i was already thinking about them yesterday, and then i saw a youtube video by that guy who pretends he’s a stupid news reporter in nyc, which really made me decide that i want to write something about them

' Graſhopper , as may be obſcrved inthe pictures of Emblematiſts in the coats of ſeverall families, and as the word Cicads is uſually tran»

{ is far more ſhrill then that of the Locuſt, and its life ſo ſhort in Sum- |

| while they deliver,the cicada's deſtroyed the fruics in Germany, where

{lated in DiRionaries; wherein to ſpeake trialy,if by this word Graf. hopper, we underſtand that animall which is implied by 7: with the Greeks, and by Cicads-with the Latines , we may with ſafety affirme the PiQure is widely miſtaken,and that for ought enquiry caninforme,

upon a ſttiR enquiry, will prove undeniable truth.- Fot firſt , that animall the French tearme Sexerelie, wea Gr

per , and which under this name is commonly deſcribed by us, is ne-

med Azz by the Greekes , by the Latines 4, and by ourſelves in proper ſpeech a Locuſt z as inthe dyet of John Baptiſt, and in our Tranſlation, Proy.zo, The Locuſts haveno King , yet goe they forth

all of them by bands. Againe , between the Cicads and that wee call a Graſhoppez , the differences are very many, as may bec obſerved in themſelves, or their deſcriptions in Mathiolus , Aldrovandus , and

Muffetus : for firſt, they are diffcrently cucullated or capuched apes) the head and backe,and inthe Cicads the eyes are more prominent;the' Locuſts have 4n#ense or long hornes before, with a long falcation or } forcipated tayle behinde , and beivg ordained for ſaltation, their hin-, derlegs doe far excced the other, The Locuſt or our Graſhopper hath

teeth, the Cicada none at all, nor any mouth according unto Ariſtotle,

my feeling is that i think a lot has been said about regulatory environment, advertisements (i even made a reference to that in my review for children of men earlier this week), psychology, and technology. maybe all these are factors in it. however, i think that a very large thing that i haven’t really seen discussed is that on the one hand, we have a massive internet media apparatus that has made political information extremely widespread and omnipresent, and on the other hand we have very few actual political organs for the common man

the C/cads is moſt upon trees; andlaſtly,the note or fritiniancy thereof

mer, that for proviſion it needs not recourſe unto the providence of the

- And therefore where the Cicads muſt be underſtod , the piQures of Heralds and Emblematiſts are notexaR, nor isit ſafe to adhere unto

our owne Tranſlations : for in the plague of Agypt, Exodus 10. the word azzi; is tranſlated a Locuſt , bat in the ſame ſenſc and ſubjeR, Wiſdome 16. it is tranſlated a Graſhopper , For them the bitings ot } C—_ and flyes killed : whereas we fave declared before the! Cicads hath no teeth, but is conceived to live upon dew, and the poſſi-! bility of irs ſubſiſtence is diſputed by Licetos: Hereof I perceive Mut-: fetus hath taken notice , and difſenteth from Lavgius and Lycoſtenes,

| indeed that inſe@ isnot found; and therefore 'concludeth,, Tam ipſos

| TN the piQureof Paradice, and delfionof our firſt Parents, the Ser- | Apent is often deſcribed with humane viſage , and not unlike unto

| meerly a piQoriall contrivanceorinvention of the Painter ,' but an an-

| cient tradition and conceived reallity , as it ſtands delivered by Beda |

| the cafierentertaine ; which nevertheleffe is a conceit not to bee ad-

quam alios deceptes fuiſſe antummo dum lornſt as cicades eſe vulgari error crederent. | And hereby there may be ſome miſtake inthe due diſpenſation of medicines deſumed from this animiall, particularly of Diatettigon com- mended by &ius in the affeRionsof the kidneys : Ie muſt be likewiſe | underſtood with ſotne reſtriion what hath been afficmed by IGdore, | which is yet delivered by many, that Cicades are bred out of Cuccow ſpittle, or Woodleare ; that is, that ſpumous frothy dew or exudation | or both, found upon Plants , eſpecially about the joynts of Lavender and Roſemary , and obſervable withus about the latter end of May; for here the true cicada is not bred , but certaine it is, that out of this, ſome kinde of locuſt doth proceed z” for herein may be diſcovered a little inſeR of a feſtucine or pale green, reſembling in all parts a Locuſt,

unless you’re maga, of course

Laſtly, the word it ſelfe is improper , and the tearmeof Graſhop- per not appliable unto the Cicada, fortherein the organs of motion are not contrived for ſaltation, nor are the hinder legpes of ſuch extenſion, 25 is obſervable in ſalient animalls , and ſuch»as move by leaping; whereto the Locuſt is very well conformed ; for thareio the legs be- hinde are longerthen all the body , and make.at the joynt acute argles, at a confiderable advancement above their backs.

The miſtake therefore with us might have its originall from a defect im our languape; for havieg not the inſe@&with us, we have not fallen vpon its proper name, and ſo make uſe of atearme commonunto it and | the Locuſt, whereas other countries have proper forit z (o the Italiancalls it cicada, the Spaniard cigarra;'and the French cigale; all which appellations conforme unto the original, and properly ex- prefle this ammall. 5 dry

Cadmus, or his wife, in the at of their Metamorphoſis, which is not

ed fort ;but with a Virgins head, chat thereby he might become more acceptable , and his temptation finde

mitted, and the plaine and recrived tgure, is with better reaſon em-

For firſt , as Pierius obſerveth from Barcephas , the afſumption of humane ſhape, had proved a diſadvantage unto Sathan ; affording not only a ſuſpicious amazement in Eve, beforethe fat, in beholding a third humanity befide her ſelf and Adam, butleaving ſome excuſe un- | to the woman, which afterward the man tooke up with lefler reaſon, that is, to have been deceived by another like her {elfe.

_ , there was no inconvenience inthe ſhape aſſumed, or any conſiderable impediment that might diſturbe that performance in the | common forme of a Serpent : forwhereas itis conceived the woman muſt needs be afraid thereof, and rather fiye then approach it, it was not 2precable unto the condition of Paradiſe and ſtate of innocencie there- in; if inthat place as moſt determine, no creature was hurrfull or ter- rible unto man, and thoſe deſtruRive effeRs they now diſcover ſuccee- ded the curſe , and came in with them is chiefe of thornes and briars, and therefore Eugubinus ( who affirmeth this Serpent was a Bafiliske) incurreth no abſurdity , nor need we inferre that Eve ſhould bee de- ſtroyed immediatly upon that Viſion z for noxious animalls could — _— art. cang bw wes ks AS. | th ea ived their names, ſo cd thei Jaxares : —_— their conditions pron _ each other, they were not ſo unto man, whoſe conſtitutions were antidotes and needed not feare poyſons, who had not incurred mortality. And if (as moſt conceive) there were but two created of every kinde, they could not at that time deſtroy eicher manor themſelves; for this had fruſtrated the command of multiplication, deſtroyed a ſpecies,and im-

d the Creation : and therefore alſo if Cain were the firſt man , with him entred not only the aR , butthe firſt power of mur- | ther; for before that time neither could the Serpent nor Adam deſtroy Eve, nor Adam and Eveeach other , forthat bad overthrowne the intention of the world, and put its Creator to aR the fixt day over J ine, Fanny whereas in regard of ſpeech, and vocall conference with Eve, it may bethought he would rather affume an humane ſhape and organs, then the improper forme of a Serpent, it implycs no materiall impediment ; nor need we to wonder how he contrived a voice out of hrnonhet a Serpent , who hath done the like out of the belly of As oe as he did for many yearcs at ona. | | Laſtly, whereas it might be conceived that an humane ſhape was ft- ter for this enterpriſe, it being more then probable ſhe would be ama- zed to heare a Serpent ſpeak ; ſome conceive ſhe might not yet be cer- taine that onely man was priviledged with ſpeech,and being in the n0-

vity of the Creation, and i ience of all things, might not bee affrighted to hear aSerpent ſpeat:Befide ſhe mighebe ignorant of their

natures who was not verſed in their names , as being not preſent at the generall ſurvey of Animalls, when Adam aſſigned unto every one a name concordant unto its nature ; nor is this only my opinion, but the determination of Lombard and Toſtatus, andalſothe reply of Cyrill unto the objeRion of Julian , who compared this ſtory unto the fables

so my sort of hypothesis, vibe, opinion, take, is that the reason why prediction markets have the sauce right now is because finally they’re an organ for the common man which can metabolize the political information that the common man is now burdened with

A Nother miſtake there may be in the piRure of our firſt Parents, who after the manner of their poſterity are both delineated with a Navel! : and this is obſervable not only in ordinary and ſtayned pee- ces, but inthe Authenticke draughts of Urbin, Angelo, and others; which notwithſtanding cannot be allowed, except we impute that unto the firſt cauſe , which we impoſe not on the ſecond , or what we deny unto nature, we impute unto Naturity it ſelfe ; that is, that inthe firſt and moſt accompliſhed peece, the Creator affeRed ſuperfAlnities,or or- dained parts withoutall uſe or office.

For the uſe of the Navell is to continue the infant unto the Mother, and by the veſſclls thereof to convey its aliment and ſuſtentation : the veſſells whereof it confiſteth, are the umbilicall veyne , which is a branch of the Porta, and implanted in the liver of the Infant ; two Ar- | teries likewiſc ariſing from the Iliacall branches , by which the Infant | receiveth the purer portion of bloud and ſpirits from the mother z and ' laſtly, the Urachos or ligamentall paſſage derived from the bottome | of the bladder , whereby it diſchargeth the wateriſh and urinary of its aliment : now upon the birth when the Infant forſaketh the wombe although it dilacerate , and breakethe involving membranes, yet doe theſe veſſclls hold , and by the mediation thereof the Infant is conneRed unto the wombe not only before , but a while alſo after the birth : theſe therefore the midwife cutteth off, contriving them into a knot cloſe unto the body of the Infant, from whence enſuecth that tor-

by the colligation of veſlells before mentioned : now the Navell or veſſells whereof it is conſtituted, being a part precedent , and not ſaub- ſervient unto generation, nativity,or parturition, it cannot be well ima- gined at the creation or extraordinary formation of Adam,who imme- diately iſſued from the Artifice of God, nor alſo that of Eve,who was not ſolemnly begotten , but ſuddenly framed , and anomalouſly pro-

tuoſicy or complicated nodoſity we uſually call the Navell,occafioned

cceded from Adam. | And it we be led into concluſions that Adam had alſo this part, be- cauſe we behold the ſame in our ſelves, the inference is not — or

forit we conceive the way of his formation , or ot che firſt animalls did carry in all points a ſtriQ conformity unto ſucceeding produRions, we might fall into imaginations that Adam was made without teeth, or that hee ran through choſe notable alterations in the veſlclls of the heart, which the Infant ſuffereth after birth : we need not diſpute whe- ther the cgge or bird were firſt , and might conceive that dogges were created blind, becauſe we obſerve they are littered ſo with us; whichto affirm, is to confound, at leaſt to regulate creation unto generation, the fi: as of God,unto the ſecond of Nature, which were determined in that generall indulgence, Encreaſe and multiply,produce or propagate each other; that is, not anſwerably inall points, but in a prolonged me. | thod according to ſeminall progreſſion: for the formation of things at firſt was different fromtheir generation after 5 and although it had no ching to precede, it was aptlycontrived for that which ſhould ſucceed it: and theretore though Adam were framed without this part, as having no other wombe then that of his proper principles, yet was not his po- ſtericy without the ſame : forthe ſeminalty of his tabricke contained the power thereof, and was endued with the ſcience of thoſe parts whoſe predeſtinations upon ſucceſſion it did accompliſh,

All the Navell therefore and conjunRive part we can ſuppoſe in Adam , was his dependency on his Maker, and the connexion he muſt needs have unto heaven, who was the Son of God, for holding no de- pendence on any preceding efficient but God , inthe aR of his produ- Rion there may bee conceived ſome connexion , and Adam to have | been in a momentall Navell with his Maker : and although from his carnallity and corporall exiſtence the conjunRion ſeemeth no nearer then of cauſality and cffteR, yet in his immortall and diviner part hee ſcemed to hold a nearer coherence, and an umbilicality even with God himſelfe : and ſo indeed although the propriety of this part bee | found but in ſome animalls, and many ſpecies there are which have no navell at all; yet is there one linke and common connexion, one gene- rall ligament, and neceſſary obligation of all whatever unto God; whereby although they a themſclves at diſtance, and ſeem to beat looſe, yet doe they hold a continuity with their Maker, which catena- tion or conſerving union when ever his pleaſure ſhall divide, let goe,or ſeparate, they ſhall fall from their exiſtence, eflence, and operations; in briefe, they muſt retire unto their primitive nothing, and ſhrinke in- to their Chaos againe,

i Cunav. VE Of the Pillures of Eaſterne Nations , and the Jews at their feaſts, eſpecially our Saviour at the Paſſeover, (0 Oncerning the piQures of the Jews, and Eafterne Nations at their

teaſts,concerning the geſture of our Saviourat the Paſſcover, who | 1s

is uſually deſcribed fitting upon a ſtoole or bench at a ſquare table, in |

it’s hard for me to make any claims about anything since i wasn’t really politically conscious until 2019, but i believe that from like 1975 until 2015, it was kinda very niche and nerdy to be into politics and read the news. ppl seemed to have vague feelings at times, but i feel like at this moment in history, to be a centrist and not read the news is itself a political stance, whereas from 1975 to 2015, i feel like that seemed to be more or less the default

the middeſt of the twelve, many make great doubt, and though they concede a table jeſture will hardly allow this uſuall way of Seſſion. Wherein reſtrayning no mans enquiry , it will appeare that accuba-

tion, or lying downe at meales was a geſture uſed by very many nati- ons. That the Parthians uſed it, is evident from Athenzus, who deli- yereth out of Poſſidonius, that their King lay downe at meales , onan higher bed then others. That Cleopatra thus entertained Anthonie, the ſame Author manifeſteth when he ſaith, ſhee prepared twelve Tri- cliniums. That it was in uſe among the Greeks, the word Triclinium implyeth , and the ſame is alſo declareable from many places inthe Sympoſiacks of Plutarke. That it was not out of faſhion inthe dayes of Ariſtotle, hee declareth in his Politicks, when among the Inſtituti- onary rules of youth, he adviſcth they might not be permitted to heare Iambicks and Tragedies before they were admitted unto diſcumben- cy or lying along with others at their meales. That the Romanes uſed this geſture at repaſt, beſide many more is evident from Lipſius, Mer- curialis, Salmaſius , and Ciaconius who have cxpreſly and diſtine- ly treated hereof.

Now of their accumbing places, the one was called Stibadion and Sigma, carryipg the figure of an halfe Moone, and of an uncertaine ca- pacity, whercafter it received the name of Hexaclinon, ORoclinon, according unto that of Martial,

Accipe Lunata ſcriptum tefludine Sigma Otto capit, veniat quiſquis amicus erit. Here at the left

wing was the principall place, and the moſt honourable perſoo, if hee

tearmed Triclinium, that is, Three beds encompaſſing a table,as may ! be ſeen inthe figures thereof, and particularly in the Rhamnufian Tri-

clinium,ſfet down by Mercurialis. The cuſtomary uſe hereof was pro-

that cuſtome by degrees changed their cubiculary beds into diſcubito-

As for their geſture or poſition, the men lay downe leaning on their left elbow , their backe being advanced by ſome pillow or ſoft ſub- ſtance; the ſecond lay ſo with his backe towards the firſt, that his head attained about his boſome;and the reſt in the ſame order : For women,

they ſat ſometimes diſtinRly with their ſexe, ſometime promiſcuouſly with men, according to affeQion or favour, as is delivered by Juyenal | —— Gremio jacuit nova nupts mariti —— and by Suetonius of C- |

in my impression of 60s politics, there are all these organizations out there that are able to metabolize people’s emotions + polticial information into political action. so like i am hurt by racism + i have an awareness about

ligula, that at his teaſts he placed his ſiſters, with whom hee had beene | incontinent, ſucceſſively in order below him. | Apaine,astheir beds were three,ſo gueſts did not uſually exceed |

; principall gueſt inthe laſt place of the ſecond,they muſt needs be next cach other, asthis figure doth plainely declare, and whereby wee may |

' honourableſt place in every bed was the firſt, excepting the middle or ſecond bed , wherein the moſt honourable gueſt of the feaſt was pla-

that number in every one,according to theancient Lawes, and prover- bia!l abſervations to begin with the Graces, and make up their feaſts with the Muſes : and therefore it was remarkable in the Emperour Ly. cius Verus,that he lay downe with twelve: which was, ſaith Julius Ca-

pitolinus, prefer exempla majorump, notaccording to the cuſtome of his |

Laſtly, for the diſpoling and ordering of the perſons : The firſt and middle beds were for the gueſts, the third and loweſt for the maſter of the houſc & his familyzhe alwayslying inthe firſt place of the laſt bed,

that is next the middle bed , bur if. the wife or children were abſent, |

their roomes were ſupplied bythe Umbrz or hangers on,according to that of Juvenal —— Zecws eft & pluribus Y mbris + forthe Gueſts,the

ced in the Jaſt place, becanſe by that pofition he might be next the ma- ſter of the feaſt; for the maſter lying inthe firſt of the laſt bed, and the

apprehend the feaſt of Perpenya made unto Sertorius , deſcribed by Saluſtius, whoſe words we ſhall thus read with Salrnafius: Teitwr diſ- cubuere, Sertorins inferior in medio ledto, ſupra Fabius, Antonius in ſun. mo, Infra Scriba Sertorij Verſus, alter ſcriba Mecenas in Imp. Medins in- ter Tar quitium & Doninum Perpennam.

who cares

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by Plutark in his life, that lying on his backe, and rayſing himſelfe up,

being maſter of the feaſt, and lying next unto him, and thus alſo from this Tricliniarie diſpoſure, we may illuſtrate that obſcure expreſſion of Seneca z That the Northwinde was in the middle, the North-Eaſt on the higher ſide,and the Nonth-Weſt onthe lower ; for as appeareth in the circle of the windes, the North-Eaſt will anſwer the bed of Anto- nius;and the North-Weſt that of Perpenna.

ſtately bed,and a table prepared before it. The cuſtome of Diſcalcea- tion or putting off cheir ſhoes at meales, is conceived by ſome to con- firme the ſame; as by that meanes keeping their beds clezne,and there- fore they had a peculiar charge to cate the Paſſcover with their ſhooes on, which InjunRion were needleſſe, it they uſed not to pur them off.

That this diſcumbency at meales was in uſe inthe dayes of our Sa- vioux is conceived propable from ſeverall ſpeeches of his expreſſed in that phraſe,cven unto common Auditors, as Luke the 14. Cum Invite- tus futris ad nuptias non diſcumbas in primo loco,and beſides many more, Matthew the 23. when reprehending the Scribes and Phariſces, hee faith , Amvant protecliſias id eſt primos recubitus in cents, & Protecathe- drias ſroe primas cathedr as in Synagogi: wherein the tearms are very di- ſtinR,and by an Antitheſ1s do plainly diſtinguiſh the poſture of ficting, from this of lying on beds.

That they uſed this geſture at the Paſſcover,is more then probable from the teſtimony of Iewiſh writers,and particularly of Ben-maimon recorded by Scaliger de emendutione temporam : After the ſecond cup according to the Inſtitution, Exod. t 2. The ſon asketh, what meaneth this ſervice £ Then he that maketh the declaration ſaith, How different is this night from all other nights 2 for all other nights wee waſh but once, but this night twice; all other wee eat leavened or unleavened bread, but this onely leavened ; all other we eat fleſh roaſted, boyled, or baked , but this only roaſted ; all other nights we cat together lying or ſitting, but this only lying along; and this poſture they uſed as ato- ken of reſt and ſecurity which they enioyed far different from that, at the eating of the Paſſeover in Xgypr.

That this geſture was uſed when our Saviour eaxte the Paſſeover, is not conceived improbable from the words whereby the Evangeliſts cxpreſle the ſame, that is, eararinliuy, arach Iu, xalara mw, "AptxAnibiraiy which termes do properly f1gnife this geſture in Ariſtotle, Atherzus,

At this feaſt there were but ſeaven;the middle places of the higheſb | and middle bed being vacant, and hereat was Sertorius the Generall | and principall gueft {laine;and ſo may wee make out what is delivered |

Perpenna caſt himſclt upon his ſtomgck; which he might very well do |

** | Euripides, Sophocles, and all humane Authors z and thelike we meete

every now and then i remember that he’s actually our president. he literally said “when the looting starts, the shooting starts”

paucis, Veiento recumbebat propius atg, etiams in ſins , and from this cu-

And thus may it properly be made out; whrt is delivered John 13, Erat recumbens wnus ex Diſcipulis ejus in ſinw Teſs quem diligebat 5 Now there was leaning on Jeſus bolome one of his Diſciples whom Jeſus loved; which geſture will not ſo well agree unto the poſicion of fitting, but is naturall, and cannot be ayoyded in the Laws of accubation , and the very ſame expreſſion is to be found in Pliny , concerning the Em- perour Netva and Veiento whom he favoured , Cenebat Nerva cum

ſtome aroſe the word #259&, that 1s, a necre and boſome friend : and therefore Cauſabon juſtly rejeReth TheophylaR,who not conſidering the ancient manner of decumbency, imputed chis geſture of the belo. ved Diſciple unto Ruſticity, or an aR of incivility ; And thus alſo have ſome conceived; it may be more plainly made out what is delive- red of Mary Magdalen, Luke 7. That ſhe ſtood at Chriſts feet behinde | him weeping, and began to waſh his feet with teares, and did wipe them with the haires of her head 5 which a@ions, it our Saviour ſate, ſhe could not performe ſtanding , and had rather Rood behinde his back, then at his feet 5 and thus it cannot be reconciled what is obſer- vable in many pieces, and even of Raphaell Urbin, wherein Mary Magdalen is piRured before our Saviour , waſhing his feet on her knees, which will not conſiſt with the ſtri& deſcription and letter of the Text,

Now whereas this pofition may ſeeme to be diſcountenanced by our Tranſlation, which uſually renders it ficting , it cannothavethatil- lation; forthe French and Italian cranſlations expreſſing neither po- ſition of ſeſſion or recubation, do onely ſay that he placed himfelte at the table, and when ours expreſſcth the ſame by fitting, it is inrelation unto our cuſtome, time, and apprehenſion ; and the like upon occafion is not unuſuall in our tranſlation, ſo when it is ſaid Luke 4. *i*$=s 73 C:Cxior, and the Vulgar renders it, Cum plicaſſet librum, ours rranſlateth if, he ſhut or cloſed the booke, which 15 an exprefſion proper unto the paginall books of our times, but not ſo agreeable unto volumes or rol ling bookes in uſe among the Jews, not onely inclder times , but even unto this day. So when it is ſaid, the Samaritan delivered unto the hoſt two pence tor the proviſion of the Levite ; and when our Saviour agreed with the Labourers for a penny a day , in ſtri tranſlation it ſhould be ſeven pence halfe penny, and is not to be conceived our common penny, the fixtieth part of an ounce ; for the word inthe Ori- ginall is wer, in Latine, Denerine, and with the Romans did valew the eight part of an ounce, which after five ſhillings the ounce amoun- teth unto ſeven pence halfe penny of our money.

ſtanding rather then ſitting, or lying downe, according to the Inſtiru- tion, Exod. 12. Thus ſhall you eate with your loynes girded , your ſhooes on your feet, and your ſtafte in your hand; the Jews themſelves geply, this was not required of ſucceeding generations, and was not obſerved, but in the Paſſeoverof Egypt , and ſoalſo many other in- junRions were afterward omitred;, as the taking up of the Paſchall Lambe, fromthe tenth day, the eating of it intheir houſes diſperſed, the ſtriking of the bloud on the dore poſts , and the eating thereof in haſte; ſolemnities and Ceremonies primitively enjoyned, afterward omitted, as was alſo this of ſtation, for the occafion ceaſing, and being in ſecurity, they applyed themſelves unto geſtures in uſe among them,

An picture there is of our Saviour deſcribed with long haire, according to the cuſtome of the Jews, and his deſcription ſent Lentulus unto the Senate z wherein indeed the hand of the Painter is not accuſable, but the judgement of the common SpeRator,conceavi

he obſerved this faſhion of his hayre, becauſe be was a N4zrite, confounding a Nazarite by vow , with thoſe by birth or edu- cation.

} The Nazarite by vow is declared Numb.6. and was to refraine three things, drinking of Wine , cutting the hayre , and approaching untothe dead, and ſuch a one was Sampſon: Now that our Saviour was 2 Nazarite after this kinde, we havg no reaſon to determine, for he dranke wine , and was therefore called by the Phariſees *no75rn;, a Wine bibber; he approached alſo thedead, as when he raiſed from death Lazarvs, and the daughter of Jairus.

The other Nazarite was a Topicall appellation, and applyable unto ſuch as were borne in Nazareth, a City of Galilee, and inthe Tribe of Napthali , neither if ſtritly taken, was our Saviour in this ſenſe a Na- zuite; for he was borne in Bethleem inthe Tribe of Judah, but

onely conceaved therein , but there alſo paſſed the filent part of his life, after his returne from Agype , a5 is delivered by Mntth-w, And he came and dwelt in a City called Nazareth, that itmighe be fulfilled which was ſpoken by the Prophet , he ſhall be 2 Nazarene z both which kindes of Nazwites , as they are diſtinguiſhable by Zain, and Tiade inthe Hebrew, ſoin the Greeke, by Alpha and Omega ; for as Janſenius obſerveth, where the votary Nazarite is mt ic is written NeC=e7& as Levir.6. and Lamentations the fourth, where it is ſpoken of our Saviour, we reade it NaCo2n©, RR | a

On June 2, Zuckerberg stated on an internal call with 25,000 Facebook employees that his review concluded “the reference is clearly to aggressive policing — maybe excessive policing — but it has no history of being read as a dog whistle for vigilante supporters to take justice into their own hands."[75] Thirty-three former employees posted an open letter to Facebook on June 3 disputing that conclusion: “President Trump’s post on Friday not only threatens violence by the state against its citizens, it also sends a signal to millions who take cues from the President."[76] As an experiment, an anonymous Facebook page was created on June 4, reposting Trump’s Facebook content verbatim, including “when the looting starts”; that specific repost was flagged on June 11 for violating Community Standards on violence and incitement.

might receave that name, becauſe he abode in that City , and was not |

and John, onely Marke who writ his « Goſpell at Rome did Latinize and wrote it Netagir&.

[ N the piQure of the Immolation of Iſaac, or Abraham ſacrificing his ſon, Iſaac is deſcribed as a little boy, which notwithſtanding is not conſentaneous unto the authority of Expoſitors, or the circumſtance of the Text ; for therein it is delivered that Iſaac carried on his back the wood for the ſacrifice, which being an holocauſt or burnt offering to be conſumed unto aſhes, we cannot well conceive the wood a burthen for a boy, but ſuch a one unto Iaac, as that which it typified was unto Chriſt, that is, the wood or croſſe whereon he ſuffered, which was too heavy a loade for his ſhoulders, and was faine to be relieved there by Simon of Cyrene. |

Againe, he was ſo farre from a boy, that he was a man growne, and at his full ature, if we beleeve Joſephus, who placeth him in the laſt of Adoleſcency, and makes him twenty five yearcs old ; and whereas in the vulgarTranſlation he is termed puer,ic muſt not be ſtrictly appre- hended, (tor that age properly endeth in puberty , and cxtendeth but unto fourteen) but reſpeRively unto Abraham , who was at that time above ſix{core : And therefore alſo hereinhe was not unlike unto him who was after led dumbe unto the ſlaughter , and commanded by o- thers, who had legions at command, that is in meeknefle and humble ſubmiſhon;for had he refiſted,ir had not been in the power of his aged parent to have inforced; and many at his yeares, have performed ſuch as, as few beſidesatary : David was too ſtrong for a Lion and a Beare, Pompey had deſerved the name of Great , Alexander of the ſame cognomination was Generalifſimo of Greece, and Anniball but one yeare after ſucceeded Aſdruball in that memorable Warre againſt | the Romancs.

[N many peeces, and ſome of ancient Bibles, Moſes is deſcribed with

( *Hornes, whercof the ground was ſurcly the Hebrew text, inthe Hi-

ſtory of Moſes, when he deſcended fromthe mount, for thereinthe onginall word being Aquivocall, and ſignifying horned as well as ſhining,the Vulgar Tranſlation hath retained the former, Oui w/debant faciem egredientis Moſis eſſe cornutam.But the word in the SeP:uagint is | 6HE aodn,

' | i«obn, thatis his face was glorified, and this paſſage of the Old Te- | ſtament is well cxplared by another of the New , that is 3: wherein it is delivered that they could not ſtedfaſtly behold the face of Moſes, 9« 7 46G 74 neg 4, that is, for the glory of his face. And {urely the expoſition of one Text is beſt performed by another , men vainly interpoſing their conſtrutions, where the Scripture deciderh the controverſic z and therefore ſome have ſeemed too aRive in their expoſitions , who in the ſtory of Rahabthe harlot , have given notice that the word alſo {ignifieth an Hoſteſſe, - for inthe Epiſtle tothe He- brewes, ſhe is plainly tearmed =p", which fignifies not an Hoſteſle; but a pecuniary and proſtituting Harlot, a tearme applyed unto Lais by the Greeks, and diſtinguiſhed from *=%#, or «mics, 25 may appeare in the thirteenth of Atherzus.

And therefore more allowable is the T ranſlation of Tremellius, then that ofthe Vulgar, 2aod ſplendida fattaefſet cubes facies ejus, Ot rather as Eſtius hath interpreted it, facies ejus erat radoſa, his tace was radiant, and diſperſing beames like many hornes and cones about his | head; which is alſo conſonant unto the original {ignification,and yetob- ſcrved inthe peeces of our Saviour, and the Virgin Mary, who are com- monly drawne with ſcintillations, or radiant Halo's about their head; which after the French expreſſion are uſually tearmed, the Glory.

Now if befides this occafionall miſtake, any man ſhall contend a propriety in this picture, and that no injury is done unto Truth by this deſcription, becauſe an horn isthe hieroglyphick of authority. powet&

well, my idea was basically that the institutions that we can pour our emotion & political awareness no longer exist in the same way that they did previously so now that political media is becoming more a thing, this time there’s nothing to really do with it. i think the common meme is that reading the news has no benefit for oneself, and yet there is an immense social imperative to engage with politics. so the way that i see prediction markets is that while all these other aspects are probably contributing factors, they don’t explain why political prediction markets in particular are so of the moment. here, i claim it’s because they function as a way to metabolize both the burden of political information without a way to act on it, and the emotional surplus

dignity,and in this Metaphor is often uſed in Scripture,the pcece I cor.- | feſle in this acception is harmeleſle and agreeable unto Moſes. Bur if | | fromthecommonmiſtake,or anyſolary confideration we perſiſt inthis | | deſcription, we vilifie the myſtery ofthe irradiation ; and authoriſe a | dangerous peece conformable unto that of Jupiter Hammon, which | was the Sunne, and therefore deſcribed with hornes; as is delivered by | Macrobius z Hammonem quem Deum ſolem occidentem Lybies exiſti-

mant, arietins cornibus fingunt , quibus 1d animal valet ſicut radiis $0l > we herein alſo imitatethe piQure of Pan, and Paganrmblem of Ng ture; and if (as Macrobius and very good Authors concede) Bacchus (whois alſo deſcribed with hornes)be the ſame Diety with the Sunne, | and if (as Voſſius well contendeth) Moſes and Bacchus were the ſame perſon, their deſcriptions muſt be relative, or the Tauricornous picture of the one, perhaps the ſame with the other. |

VYVE will not paſſe over the Scucheors of the tribes of Trael , 23 |

rall other peeces z generally conceived to be the proper coats, and di- inRive badges of their ſeverall tribes. So Rubenis conceived to bear three Barres wave, Judah a Lion Rampant, Dan a Serpent nowed, Simeon a Sword inpale the point erected, &c. the ground whereof is the laſt BenediRion of Jacob, wherein he reſpeRively draweth com. pariſons from things here repreſented.

Now herein although we allow a copſiderable meaſure of truth, yet whether as they are uſually deſcribed, theſe were the proper cognizan- ces, and coat armes of the Tribes, whether in this manner applyed,and uponthe grounds preſumed, materiall doubts remaine.

For firſt, they are not ſtrictly made out, from the Propheticall bleſ- fing of Jacobzfor Simeon and Levi have diſtin coats,that is a Sword, and the two tables , yet are they by Jacob included in one Prophefie, Simeon and Levi are brethren, Inſtruments of cruelties are in their ha- birations. So Joſeph beareth an Oxe, whereof notwithſtanding there is no mention in this Propheſie; for therein it is ſaid Joſeph is atruitfull bough, even a fruicfull bough by a well ; by which repetition are inti- | mated the two Tribes deſcending from him Ephraim and Manaſſes, whereof notwithſtanding Ephraim beareth an Oxe : True it is, that

yeares after in the bencediRion of Moles, it is ſaid of Joſeph, His

many glory is like the firſtlings of his Bullocke; and ſo wee may concede, what Voſſius learnedly declareth, that the Agyprians repreſented Jo

dreame of Pharaoh,which he interpreted, the benefit by Agriculture, and provident proviſion of corne which he performed , and therefore did Serapis bearca buſhell upon his head.

Againe, if we take theſe two benediRions together, the reſemblan. ces are not appropriate, and Moſes therein conformes not unto Jacob; forthat which in the Propheſic of Jacob is appropriated umo one,is in the bleſſing of Moſes made common unto others : So whereas Judah | is compared untoa Lion by Jacob, Judah is a Lions whelpe; the ſame is applyed unto Dan by Moſes, Dan is a Lions whelpe, he ſhall leape from Baſhan : and alſo unto Gad, he dwelleth as a Lion, and teareth | the arme with the Crowne of the head.

with prediction markets, they often serve as an emotional hedge. i first heard this in sports betting, “i want to bet on the other team so that way if my team loses i make some money,” but i also heard it with respect to political prediction market in 2024. since then, now that you can’t go 3 podcasts without an ad for one, it’s an explicit part of the pitch by the companies

Thirdly, if a Lyon were the proper coat of Judah , yet were it not probably a Lyon Rampant, as it is commonly deſcribed , bur rather couchant or dormant, as ſome Heralds and Rabins doe determine, ac- cording to the letter of the Text, Recumbens 4ormiſti at Leo , He cou- ched asa Lyon, and asa young Lyon, who ſhall rouſe him *

Laſtly,when it is ſaid, Every man of the children of Iſrael (ball pitch by his owne ſtandard with the Enfigne of their fathers houſe; upon enquiry whattheſe ſtandards and enfignes were there is no ſmall incer- tainty, and men conforme not unto the Propheſie of Jacob, Chriſtian Expoſitorsate fayne hercinto relye upon the Rabbins, who notwith-

ciple or Legionary ſtandards, that is of Judah, Ruben, Ephraim, and

plate, and upon which the names of the Tribes were engraven. Sothe ſtandard for the campe of Judah, was of three colours according unto the ſtones, Chalcedony, Saphir, and Sardonix ; and therein were cx- preſſed the names of the three tribes, Judah, Ifachar,and Zabulon,and inthe middeſt thereof was witten, Riſe up Lord,and let thy enemies be ſcattered, and let them that hate thee flye before thee; in it was alſo the pouttrait of a Lyon: The ſtandard of Ruben was alſo of three colours, Sardine, Topaz, and Amethyſt , therein were exprefſed the names of Ruben, Simeon, and Gad, inthe middeſt was written, Heare,O Iſrael, the Lord our God, the Lord is one: Therein was alſo the pourtraiture of a Hart. But Abenezra and others befide the colours of the field, do ſet downeother charges , in Rubens the forme of a man or mandrake, in thatof Judah a Lyon, in Ephraims an Oxe, in Dan's the figure of an Xgle.

AG thus indeed the foure figures in the banners of the principall ſquadrons of Iſracl are anſwerable unto the Cherubins in the viſion of

neſſe of their faces, they foure hadthe likeneſle ofthe face of a Man, they foure had alſo the face of an Zgle, andthe face of a Lyon onthe right fide, and they foure had the tace of an Oxe on the left fide, they foure had alſo the face of an Agle ; and conformable hereunto the pi- ures of the Evangeliſts ( whoſe Goſpells are the Chriſtian banners) are ſet forth with the addition of a Man or Angell,an Oxe, a Lyon, and an Zgle ; and theſe ſymbolically repreſent the office of Angells, and Miniſters of Gods will ; in whom is required underſtanding as in a Man, courage and vivacity as in the Lyon, ſervice and miniſteriall _— as in the Oxe, expedition or celerity of execution, as in the Zgle. |

rk hence therefore we may obſerve that theſe deſcriptions the moſt authenticke of any, are neither agreeable unto one another, nor unto the Scuchions in queſtion; for though they agree in Ephraim and Judah, that is the Oxe and the Lyon , yet doe they differ inthoſe of Dan, and Ruben, as farre as an Mgle is different from a Serpent , and the figure of a Man,Hart,or Mandrake, from three Barres wave, where- innotwithſtanding we rather declare the incettainty of Armes in this particular,then any way queſtion their antiquity; for hereof more anci-

ent examples there are, then the Scucheons of the Tribes , if Olyris,

ſtanding are various in their traditions , and confirme not theſe com- | mon deſcriptions ; for as for inferiour Enfjgnes either of particular | bands or houſes they determine nothing at all , and ofthe foure prin- |

the colours of theſe banners toan{wer the pretious ſtones in the breaſt- |

another thing here about prediction markets was that a few weeks ago just before it got sold, i had redownloaded tiktok, and it was interesting that there were ads whose pitch was: I GET PAID TO SCROLL TIKTOK (presumably as a human viewbot or ai teacher or whatever)

Ezechiel, every one carrying the forme of all theſe : As for the like-

Mizraim or Jupiter the Juſt, were the ſon of Cham z for of his two ſons, as Diodorus delivereth, the one for his Device gave a Dopee, the other a Wolfe; and beſide the ſhield of Achilles, and many ancient Greeks , ifwe receive the conjeRure of Voſſius , that the Crow Corvinus his head , was but the figure of that Animall upon his hel. met, it is an example of Antiquity among the Romans.

ſementia : Boylardus gives us leave to opinion there was no mote then

plures extiterimt - And therefore not diſcovering a reſolution of their

1X Pictures of the Sibylls are very common, and for their Prophe- fies of Chriſt in high eſteem with Chriſtians, deſcribed common- ly with youthfull faces,and in a defined number; common peeces ma- king twelve, and many preciſely ten, obſerving therein the account of learned Varro ; that is, Sibylla Delphica, Erythi#a, Samia, Cumana, Cumza, or Cimmeria, Helleſpontiaca, Lybica, Phrygia, Tiburtina, Perſica. In which enumeration I perceive learned menare not ſatis- fied, and many conclude an irreconcilable incertainty ; ſome maki more, others fewer, and not this certaine number z for Suidas thoug he affirme that in divers ages there were ten, yet the ſame denomination he affordeth unto more ; Boyſardus in his TraR of Divination hath ſet forth the Icons of theſe Ten, yet addeth two others , Epirotica, and AZgyptiaz and ſome affirme that Propheſying women were gene- rally named Sibylls.

Others make them fewer : Martianus Capella two, Pliny and Soli- nus three, A&lian foure, and Salmaſius in cffeR but ſeven for diſcour- ſing hereof in his Plinian Exercitations, he thus determineth 5 R/dere licet hadiernos Pittores, qui tabulas proporunt Cumane, Cumes, & Ery- three, quaſi trium diverſarum Sibyllarum ; cum uns eademque furrit Cumana, Cumes , & Brythrea, ex plurium & doftifiimorum Authorum

one; for ſo doth he conclude, 1n #anta Scriptorums warictate liberum re- linquimas Lefori credere, an una & eadem in diverſis regionibus peregri- nata, cognomen ſortita fit ab iss locts ubi oracula reddidiſſe cOMperitar, 4n

number from the pensof the beſt Writers, we have no reaſon to deter- mine the ſame from the hand and pencill af Painters.

Astouching their age,that they are gencrally deſcribed as young wo- men, ej ill not allow; for the Sibyll whereof Virgill ſpeaketh is tearmed by him /ongevs ſacerdos , and Servius in his Comment ampli- fieth the ſame. The other that ſold the bookes unto Tarquine , and whoſe Hiſtory is plainer then any , by Livie and Gellius is tearmed

and inthe dayes of doteage,according to the Etymology of Feſtus,and conſonant untot he Hiſtory 3 whereirit is ſaid, that Tarquine thought the doted with old age; which duly perpended, the Licentiapiteris is very large , and with the {ame reaſon they may delineate old Neſtor like Adonis , Hecuba with Helens face, and Time with Abſalons

i feel that with prediction markets, the implict pitch is: you get paid to read the news

He Picture concerning the death of Cleopatra with two Aſpes or venemous Serpents unto her armes, or breaſts , or both , requires | conſideration : for therein ( befide that this variety is not excuſable) the thing it ſelfe is queſtionable ; nor is it indiſputably certaine what manner of death ſhe dyed. Plutarch in the life of Antonie plainly de- livereth;rhat no man knew the manner of her death; for ſome affirmed ſhe periſhed by poyſon, which ſhe alwayes carried inalittle hollow —_ , and wore it in her hayre 5 befidethere were never any Aſpes diſcovered in the place of her death , although two of her maids peri- ſhed alſo with her, only it was ſaid two ſmall and almoſt inſenfible prickes were found upon her arme; which was all the ground that Czſar had to preſume the manner of her death. Galen who was con- temporary unto Plutarch, delivereth two wayes of herdeath : that is, that ſhee killed her ſclfe by the bite of an Aſpe, or bit an hole in her arme, and powred poyſon therein. Strabo that lived before them both, hath alſo two opinions, that ſhe dyed by the byte of an Aſpe, or elſe a poyſonous oyntment.

We might queſtion the length of the Aſpes which are ſometimes deſcribed exceeding ſhort , whereas the Cherſza or land Aſpe which moſt conceive ſhe uſed, is above foure cubits long : their number is not unqueſtionable z for whereas there are generally rwo deſcribed, Auguſtus (as Plutarch relateth) did carry in his triumphthe Image of Coons but with one Aſpe nnto her arme : as for the two pricks,'or little ſpots in her arme,they rather infer the fex, then plurality : for like the viper, the female Aſpe hath foure, but the male two teeth, where- by it left this impreſſion, or double punRure behinde it.

r breaſt , which notwithſtanding will not confiſt with the hiſtory,

d Petrus Vicorius hath well obſerved the ſame : but herein the mi- ſtake was cafie, it being the cuſtome in capicall malefaRors to apply them unto the breaſt , as the Author De Theriaca ad Piſonem, an eyc- witneſſe hereof in Alexagdria, where Cleopatra dyed , determineth; | beheld faith he, in Alexandria, how ſuddenly theſe Serpents bereave | Ii 2 a man

a man of life z for when any one is condemned to this kinde of death, if they intend to uſe him favourably, that 1s, to diſpatch him ſuddenly, they faſten an Aſpe unto his breaſt, and bidding him walke about, he preſently periſheth thereby.

Ti picures of the nine Worthies are not unqueſtionable, and to criticall ſpeAators may ſeeme to containe ſundry improprieties: Some will enquire why Alexander the Great is deſcribed upon an Ele-

+ phant? for indeed, we donot finde he uſed that animall in his Armies,

| much lefle in his owne perſon, but his horſe is famous in hiſtory, and | its name alive to this day : Beſide, he fought but one remarkable battaile, wherein there were any Elephants, and that was with Porus King of India, In which notwithſtanding, as Curtius, Arrianns, and ' Plutarch report , he was on horſeback himſclfe 5 and if becauſe hee fought againſt Elephants , he is with propriety ſet upon their backs, with no lefſe or greater reaſon is the ſame deſcription agreeable unto Judas Maccabcus, as may beobſerved from the hiſtory of the Maccs- bees 3 and alſo unto Julius Czſar, whoſe triumph was honoured with captive Elephants, as may be obſerved inthe order thereof , ſet forth by Jacobus Laarms : and it alſo wee ſhould admitthis deſcription upon 21 Elephant, yet were not the manner thereof unqueſtionable, tharis, in his 1uling the beaſt alone for, beſide the champion upon their back, there was alſo a guide or Ruler, which ſate more forward to command or guide the beaſt : Thus did King Porus ride when hee was over- throwne by Alexander , and thus are alſo the towred Elephants deſcri- bed, Maccab.2.6. Ulponthe beaſts there were ſtrong towres of wood which covered every one of them, and were girt faſt umo them by de- vices ; there were alſo upon every oneof them thirty rwo ſtrong men, beſide the Indian that ruled them.

Others will demand, not onely ——_—_— upon af! Elephart, but HeRor upon an Horſe 2 whereas His manner of fighting , or pre- ſenting himſelte in battaile, was ina Chariot , 2s did the other noble Trojans, who as Pliny affirmeth were the firſt inventers thereof, the | ſame way of fight is teſtified by Diodorus , and thus delivered by Sir

Walter Raleigh. Of the vulgar little reckoning was made, for they ' foughtall on foote, ſlightly armed, and commonly followed the ſuc-

my final thought is that the philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point, however, is to change it

cefle of their Captaines , who roade tot upon horſes, but in Chariots drawne by two or three horſes; and this was alſo the ancient way of fight among the Bricaines, as is deliveted by Diodotus, Czfar, and | Tacitus; and there want not mh ————. —

and made it one argument of their originall from Troy. Laſtly, by any man verſed in Antiquity, the queſtion can hardly be avoyded, why the horſes of theſe Worthies, eſpecially of Czfar, are deſcribed with the furniture of ſadles, and ſtyrropsz for ſadles largely taken, though ſome deferice there may be, yetthat they had not the uſe of ſtirrops, ſeemeth our of doubr, as Pancirollus hath ob- ſerved, as Polydore Virgil and Petrus Victorius have confirmed, ex- preſly diſcourfing hereon ; as is obſervable from Pliny , and catinot eſcape our eyes in the ancient monuments, medals and Triumphantar- chesof the Romanes. Nor is there any genuine or claffick word in L+- tine toexprefſe them z for faphia or ſftapes is not to be found in Authors of Antiquity z and whereas the name might promiſe ſome Antiquity, becauſe among the three {mall bones inthe Auditory Organ, by Phy- ſitians termed Incus Mallens, and fapes, one thereof from ſome reſem- | blance doth beare this name;theſe bones were not obſcrved, much lefſe named by Hippocrates, Galen or any ancient Phyſician z but as Lau- rentius obſerverh concerning the invention of the ſtapes. or ſtirrop bone, there is ſome contention betweene Colambas and Ingrefites, the one of Sicilia, the other of Cremona, and both wichin the compaſſe'of

us {peaking of the way which Anniball marched into lealy, .uſerh the | word Gude, that is faith Petra Yiderine , it was ſtored with de- | vices for men to get upon their horſes, whick aſcents were termed Be- | mai, and in the life of Caius Gracchus, Plutarch expreſfeth as much for endeavouring to ingratiate himſelte with the people, beſides the Facnget ſtones at every miles end, he made at neerer diſtances cer- taine elevated places, and Scalary aſcents , that by the help thereof | they might with better eaſe aſcend or mount their horſes, Now it we demand how Cavalliers then deſtitute of ſtirrops did uſually moune their horſes, Yegetiue reſolves us,that they uſed to vault or leape up,and therefore they had wooden horſes in their houſes and abroad , that thereby young men might cnable themſelves in this aion,wherein by inſtruction and pracice they grew ſo perfect, that they could vaulc up onthe right or left, and that with their ſword in hand, according to that of Virgil—— ——?aſcis equss, 4tque arma ſimul ſaltug, ſuperbus Emicat, And againe :

Injiciunt in equwos,——fAnd ſo Julius Pollux ad: vilcth to teach horſes to incline, dimit, and bow downe their bodies, that their riders may with better eaſc aſcend them, and thus may it more caulally be made out, what Hippocrates affirmeth of the | ans, that uſing continuall riding, they were generally moleſted with the

Sciatica or hippegowte; or what Suetorius delivereth of Germarics | | tnat

200ther opinion ; conceaving in this oblation not a naturall but a Civill

Enquiries into V/ ulgar Book, 5. | that he had ſlender legs, but encreaſed therh by riding after meales;that is; the humours deſcending upon their pendulofity , they having no ſupport or ſuppedaneous ſtability.

Now if any ſhall ſay that theſe are petty errors and minor lapſes not conſiderably injurious unto truth , yet is it neither reaſonable nor ſafe to contemne inferiour falſitics ; but-rather as betweene falſhood and | truth, there is no medium, fo ſhould they be maintained in their di- ſtances, nor the infinuation ofthe one, approach the fincerity of the other.

e hand of the Painter confidently fetteth forth the piure of Jcphthah inthe poſture of Abraham, ſacrificing his onely daugh- ter; Thus indeed is it commonly received, and hath had the atteſt of many worthy Writers ; notwithſtanding upon ity wee finde the matter doubtfull, and many upon probable grounds to have beene of

kinde of death, and a feperation anely untothe Lord , for that he pur- ſued not his yow untoa literall oblation , there want not arguments both from the Text and reaſon.

the last year of lrc has been quite enjoyable, honestly. it’s easy for me to sort of AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA and just generally spiral because things aren’t going according to plan, but i kirkenuinely feel like i’m laying infrastructure

- For firſt, it is evident that ſhe deplored her virginity , and not her

death; Let megoe up and dowric the mountaines , and bewayle my virginity, I and my fellowes. Secondly, when it is ſaid,that Jephthah did unto her according unto | his yow, it is immediately ſubjoyned, E# non cognovit viram, and ſhee knew no man, which as immediate in words, was probably moſt neere in ſence unto the vow.

Thirdly, it is ſaid in the Text , that the daughters of 1ſracl went yearely to talke with the daughter of Jephthah foure dayes in the yeare, which had ſhe beene ſacrificed, they could not have done ; For whereas the word is ſometime tranſlated to lament, yet doth it alſo ſignifie to talke or have conference with one, and by Tremellius who was well able to judge of the Originall, it is in this ſence tranſlated : Iban filii Iſraelitaram ad confabulandum cum filia Tephthaci quatuor die- bus quotannis : And (o it is alfo ſet downe in the marginall notes of our Tranſlation: And from this annuall concourſe of the daughters of Ifrael, it isnot improbable io future Ages, the daughter of J-phthah came to be worſhipped as a Deity, and had by the Samaritans an annu- all feſtivity obſerved unto her honour, as Epiphanius hath lefe recor- ded inthe herefie of the Melchidecians.

It is alſo repugnant unto reaſon , for the offering of mankinde was

2painſt the Law of God, who ſo abhorred humane facrifice,that he ad- mitted not the oblation of uncleane beaſts, and confined his altars bur unto five kinds of Animals, that is, the Oxe, the Goat, the Sheepe, the | Pigeon and its kinds: in the cleanſing of the leper,there is I confeſle, | mention made of the Sparrow, but _ diſpute may be made whether it be properly readred , and therefore the Scripture with indignati oft times makes mention of humane ſacrifice among the les, whoſe oblations ſcarce made ſcruple of any Animall , ſacrificing not onely man, but Horſes, Lyons, Egles;and though they come not into holocauſts, yet do we read the Syrians did makeoblations of fiſhes un- rothe goddeſle Derceto Ic being therefore a ſacrifice ſo abominable

and wiſedem of Iſrael would have permitted it, and that not onelyin

regard of the ſubje& or ſacrifice it ſelfe, but alſo the ſacrificator,which

the piture makes to be Jepthah, who was neither Prieſt , nor capable |

of that office; for he was a Gileadite, and as the text affirmeth, the ſon

alſo of an harlot ; And how hardly the Prieſthood would endure en- |

this past week i have been working on brainworm surgery revival project codename CEREBROVORE. i’ve enjoyed it. i’m gonna enjoy it more if the other ppl reply to my texts tho >_>

—_— upon their funRion, a notable example there is in the Sto- of Ozias.

and entrenched upon his religion, but had beene a courſe and progprefle that had much condemned his diſcretion, that is,to have puniſhed him- | lelfe in the ſtricteſt obſervance of his Vow, when as the L1w of God | had allowed an evaſion; that is, by way of commutation or redempti- cn,according as is determined, Levi.27. whereby if ſhe were between the age of five and twenty,ſhec was to be eſtimated but at ten ſhekels, and if between twenty and ſixty,not above thirty;a ſum that could ne- ver diſcourage an indulgent Parent , it being but the value of a ſervant lain, and the inconſiderable Salarie of Judas, and will make no grea- ter noiſe then three pound fifteen ſhillings with us; and therefore their conceit is not to be exploded, who ſay that from the Story of Jepthah ſacrificing his owne daughter, might ſpring the fable of Agamemnon, delivering unto ſacrifice his daughter Iphigenia,who was alſo contem- porary unto Jepthah , wherein to anſwere the ground that hinted it, Iphigenia was not ſacrificed her ſclf,but redeemed with an Hart, which Diana accepted for her. Now the ground at lezſt which much promoted the opinion,might be the dubious words of the text,which containe the ſenſe of his vow; moſt men —_— unto their common and obvious acception. What- ſoever ſhall come forth of the doores of my houſe ſhall ſurely be the Lords, and I will offer it up for a burntoffering, Now whereas it is ſaid, Evit Iehove. & offeram illud holocaufturs , The word ſignifying both & and «s#, it may be taken disjunRively , aut offerazs , th is, It ſhall either be the Lords by ſeparation, orclſe, an holocauſt by com- mon

unto God, although hee had —— ie, it is not probable the Prieſts | "MP

mon oblation, even as our marginal tranſlation advertiſeth;and as Tre- mellius rendreth it, Erit inquam lehove, 4ut off eras illud belocauſtam: 1nd for the yulgar tranſlation, it uſeth often && where «<s# muſt be pre. ſumed, as Exod. 21. $7 quis percuſſerit patrems e&*-marrem , that is not both, but cither. There being therefore two wayes to diſpoſe of her, | cither to ſeparate her unto the Lord, or offer her as a ſacrifice, it is of no | neceſſitie the latter ſhould bee neceſlary , and ſurely lefle derogatorie | unto the ſacred text, and hiſtory of the people of God , muſt bee the former.

T He picure of John the Baptiſt, ina Camells kin is very queſtion. able,and many I perceive have condemned it; the ground or oc- cafion of this deſcriptionare the words of the holyScripture,eſpecially of Matthew and Marke, for Luke and John are flent hereinz by them | it is delivered, his garment was of Camells haire, and had aleatherne | girdle about his loynes. Now here it ſeemes the Camels hair is taken by Painters for the skinne or pelt with the haire upon it : But this ex-

| chary 13. Inthat day the Prophets ſhall be aſhamed, neither ſhall they

ftimentum babebat e pilis cameling, which is as ours tranſlateth it,a gar- |

poſition will not ſo well conſiſt with the ſtriR acteption of the words; for Marke 1. It is faid , he was #1 © r77es rinae, and Matthew 3, 62478 idvua cams recog xgwnns, that is, asthe vulgar tranſlation, that of Be- z3, that of Sixtus Quintus, and Clement the eight hath rendred it, wve-

ment of Camclls hairc; that is made of ſome texture of that haire, a courſe garment, a cilicious or ſackcloth habit z ſutable to the auſterity of his life, and the ſeverity of his doQrine , Repentance, and the place thereof the wildernes,his food and diet locuſts and wilde hony; agree- able unto the example of Elias , who Kings 1. 8. is ſaid to wir piloſu, that is as Junius and Tremellius interpret, Yeſte villoſs cintIus, an{wer- able unto the habit of the ancient Prophets , according tothat of Za

weare a rough garment to deceive,and ſutable tothe Cilicious and hai- rie Veſtes of the ſtriReſt Orders of Friars, who derive the Inſtitution of their Monaſtick life from the example of John and Elias,

it’s chill tho haha

As for the wearing of skinnes, where that is properly intended , the expreſhon of the Scripture is plaine , ſo is it called Heb. 11. they wan-

pelliceas,or coats of skinnes; which though a naturall habit unto all, be-

dred about © «i3e/v5 Sewworr that is in Goats $kinnes;and fo it is ſaid of our firſt Parents , Gen. 3. that God made them 2%« Hewarins Feſtes

tore the invention of Texture, was ſomething more unto Adam, who had newly leatned to die; for unto him a garment from the dead, was but a DiRate of death, and an habit of mortalitic.

Now if any man will ſay this habit of Iohn,was neither of Carells | skinne,nor any courſe texture of its haire, but rather ſome finer weave | of Camelot, Grograine orthe like , inas much as theſc ſiuffes are ſup- poſed to be made of the haire of that Animall , or becauſe that Xlian | zffirmeth, t hat Camells haire of Perſia, is as fine as Mileſian wooll, wherewith the great ones of that place were clothed, they have diſco- vered an habite,not onely unſutable unto his leatherne cinRure,and the courſnes of his life, buc not conſiſtent with the words of our Saviour, when reaſoning with the people concerning John, he ſaith, What went you out into the wildernes to ſee, a man clothed in ſoft raiment? Be- hold they that weare ſoft rayment are in Kings houles.

He picture of St Chriſtopher,that is a man of a Giant like ſtature, bearing upon his ſhoulders our Saviour Chriſt, and with a ſt:ffe in his hand, wading thorow the water, is known unto children, common over all Europe, not onely as a figne unto houſes , bur is deſcribed in many Churches , and ſtands Coloſſus like in the entrance of Noſtre Dame in Parks.

Now from hence, common eyes conceive an hiſtory ſutable unto this deſcription, that he carried our Saviour in his Minority over ſo:ne river or water, which notwithſtanding wee cannot at all make out ; for weeread not thus much in any good Author , nor of any remarkable Chriſtopher, before the reigne of Decius, who lived 250. yeares after Chriſt, this man indeed according unto Hiſtory ſuffered as a Martyr in the ſecond yeare df that Emperour , and inthe Roman Calender takes upthe 21. of + of

The ground that begat or promoted this opinion was, firſt the fabu- lous adjeRions of ſucceeding ages,unto the veritable as of this Mur- tyr, whoin the moſt probable accounts was remarkable for his ſtaffe, and a man of a goodly ſtature.

The ſecond was a miſtake or miſapprehenſion of.the picture ; moſt men conceiving that an Hiſtory which was contrived art firſt bur as an Emblem or Symbolicall fancy, as from the Annotations of Baronius uponthe Roman Martyrology, Lipellous in the life of S: Chriſtopher hath obſerved in theſe words ; Aa $. Chriſtophori a multis deprava- 14 imveniuntay ; quod quidem non al:unde originem ſumpfiſce certum eff, quam quod Symbolicas figures imperiti ad weritatems ſucceſſu temporis tranfiulerint. 119, cunt#4 ill: de $antts Chriſtophero pingi conſuets, $ym bols porizs quam Huftoria alicu) us exiſttmandum eft, eſſe expreſſum imagi- zew: Now what Emblem this was, or what ics fign(fication con-

conjeRures are many ; Pierius hath ſet downe one, that is, of the DiC. ciple of Chriſt ; for he that will carry Chriſt upon his ſhoulders, muſt he upotithe ſtaffe of his direion, whereon if he firmeth himſclfe, he may be able to overcom the billows of reſiſtance, and inthe vertue of this ſtaffe like that of Jacob paſſe over the waters of Jordan : or otherwiſe thus; He that will ſubmit his ſhoulders unto Chriſt, ſhall by the concurrence of his power encreaſe into the ſtrength of a Gyant, and being ſupported by the ſtaffe of his holy Spirit , ſhall not be over. whelmed by the waves of the world, but wade through all reſiſtance,

i’m ep and i think that i might be playing TWILIGHT IMPERIUM on monday. so i need to have my wits about

F He Piure of St. George killing the Dragon, and, as moſt ancient draughts doe run, with the daughter of a King ſtanding by, is fa- mous amongſt Chriſtians ; and upon this deſcription dependeth a ſo- lemne ſtory , how by this atchieveme he redeemed a Kings daughter, which is more eſpecially beleeved by the Engliſh , whole ProteRor he is, and in which forme and hiſtory , according to his deſcription io the Engliſh Colledge at Rome, he is ſet forthin the Icons or Cuts of Martyrs by Cevallerius. Now of what authority ſoever this piece be among us,it is I perceive received with different belieftes : for ſome men belceve the perſon and the ſtory , ſomethe perſon , but not the ſtory, and others deny both.

That ſuch a perſon there was, we ſhall not contend : the indifſtin&i- on of many in the community of name, or the application of the a of one unto another, have made ſome doubt there was no ſuch manat all, | For of this name we meet with more then one in hiſtory , and no leſle then two of Cappadocia,the one an Arrian, who was ſlain by the Alex- andriansinthe time of Julian, the other a valiant Souldier and Chriſti- an Martyr , beheaded inthe reigne of Diocleſian : And this is the George conceived inthis piure , who hath his day in the Romane Calender, on whom ſo many fables are delivered , whoſe ſtory is ſet torth by Metaphraſtes, and his myracles by Turonenftis.

As tor the ſtory depending hereon , we cannot make out the yerity thereof, and conceive the literall acceptiona mcere miſtake of the ſym- bolicall exppeſſion,; apprehending that a veritable hiſtory, which was | but an emblem or peece of Ctuiſſian poſie. And this Emblematicall conſt.udion hath been received by men who are not forward to exte-f nuate the aQs of their Saints, as from Baronius. Lipellous the Carthu- f1+n hath delivered in the life of St. George , Piftwram illam S2.Georgit gna effingitur eques armatus,qui haſte cuſpide hoſtem mmerficnt juxtaquam etiam virgo poſita,manus ſupplices tendens ej: exp/orat auxilium, Symbol! potins quam hiſtorie alicwjus cenſenda expreſſa Imago , conſurvit quidem

Now inthe piRure of this St, and Souldier was implyed the Chri- ſtian Souldicr and true Champion of Chriſt; A horſemanarmed Cap 4 | pe, intimating the Panoplia or compleat armour of a Chriſtian, comba-

ting with the Dragon, that is, with the Divell, in defence of the Kings

daughter, that is the Church of God , and therefore although the hi-

ſtory be not made out, it doth not diſparage the Knights and noble or- der of St. George , whoſe cogniſance is honourable in the emblem of

to be aſbamed, then the noble order of Burgundy, and Knights of the golden Fleece, whoſe badge is a confefled fable. |

He PiRure of Jerome uſually deſcribed at his ſtudy, with a Clock hanging by him is not to be omitred; for thoughthe meaning bee allowable, and probable it is that induſtrious Father did not let flip his time without account, yet muſt not perhaps that Clocke be ſet downe to have been his meaſure thereof : For Clocks are Automatous organs, and \uch whereby we now diſtinguiſh of time, have found no menti- on in ary ancient Writers, but are of late invention, as Pancirollus ob- ſerveth, and Polydore Virgil diſcourſing of new inventions whereof the authors are not knowne makes inſtance in Clocks and Guns : now Jerome is no late Writer, but one of the ancient Fathers, and lived in the fourth Century, inthe reigne of Theodofius the firſt. It is not to be denyed that before the dayes of Jerome there were Horologies, and ſeverall accounts of time , for they meaſured the hours not only by drops of water in glaſſes called Clepſydrz, but atfo by ſand in glafſes called Clepſammia; there werealſo from great anti- quity, Sciotericall or Sun Dialls, by the ſhadow of a ſtile or gnomon denoting the houres of the day : an invention aſcribed unto Anaxime- nes by Pliny ; hereof a yery memorable one there was in Campus Martius from an obelisk erected, 8& golden figures placed horizontally about it, which was brought out of Agyptby Auguſtus,and deſcribed

the ſtory of Ezechias; for ſo it is delivered Kings 2.20. That the Lord brought the ſhadow backward ten degrees by which it had gone down inthe Diall of Ahaz ; that is, ſay ſome,tendegrees, not lines, for the houres were denoted by certaine diviſions or ſteps in the Diall, | which others diſtinguiſhed by lines according to that of Perfius —— Stertimus indomitum quod deſpumare Falernum Kk 2 Sufficlat

gn chat

the Souldier of Chriſt,and isa worthy memoriall to conforme unto its | myſtery ; nor, were there no ſuch perſon at all, had they more reaſon |}

by Jacobus Laurus. And another of great antiquity we meet with in |

Sufficiat quinti dam lines tangitur umbra.—That is, the line next the Meridian, or withinan houre ot noone.

Of latter yeares there ſucceeded new inventions, and horologies compoſed by Trochilick or the artifice of wheeles , whereot ſome are kept in motion by weight, others pertorme withour it : now as one age inſtruRs another, and time that brings all thingsto ruine perfeRs alſo every thing , ſoare theſe indeed of more generall and ready uſe then any that went before them : by the water- glaſſes the account was not regular; for from attenuation and condenſation, whereby that Element is altered, the houres were ſhorter in hot weather then in cold , and in Summer then in Winter z as for Sciotericall Dialls, whether of the

| | Luminaries, and are of little advantage unto thoſe inhabitants, which | | for many months enjoy not the luſtre of the Sun. | | | It is I confeſſe nocafie wonder how the horotnetry of Antiquity

| way; ſurely as in many things, ſo in this particular, the preſent age hath

| and preſented it untothe Emperour Charles the fift. Jeronymus Car-

Sunne or Moon, they are only of uſe in the aQuuall radiation of thoſe

| diſcovered not this Artifice , how Architas that contrived the moving | Dove, or rather the Helicoſcopie of Archimedes, fcll not upon this | farre ſur paſſed Antiquity, whoſe ingenuity hath been ſo bold not only | toprecced, belowthe account of minutes, but to attempt perpetuall | motions, and engines whole revolutions (could their ſubſtance anſwer | the deſigne ) might outlaſt the examplary mobility , and out meaſure time it ſelfez for ſuch a one is that mentioned by John Dee , whoſe words are theſe inhis learned Preface unto Euclide : By wheeles ſtrange works and incredible are done : A wondrous example was cen | in my time ina certaine Inſtrument , which by the Inventer and Arti ficer was ſold for twenty talents of Gold z andthen by chance had re- ceived ſome injury, and one Jancllus of Cremona did mend the ſame,

danus, can be my witnefle, that therein was one wheelEthat moved in

rpn

ſuch a rate, that in ſeven thouſand yeares onely his owne period ſhould be finiſhed ; a thing almoſt incredible, but how far I keep within my bounds, many men yet alive can tell. -

tremity below : and this is conceived toanſwer the ſhape of the ancient Syrens that attempted upon Ulyſſes , which notwithſtanding were of

another deſcription, containing no fiſhic compoſure , but made up of

but below, according unto Zlian, Suidas, Servius, Boccatius, and Al- drovandus, who hath referred their deſcription unto the ſtory of fabu-

lous birds,according to the deſcription of Ovid,and the account there-

of in Hyginus, that they were the daughters of Melpomene, and meta.

And therefore theſe pieces ſo common among us, do rather derive their originall, or arc indeed the very deſcriptions of Dagon, which was made with humane figure above, and fiſhy ſhape below , whoſe ſtumpe, or as Tremellius and our margin renders it , whoſe fiſhie part onely remained, when the hands and upper part fell before the Arke. Of the ſhape of Atergates, or Derceto with the Phzniceans ; in whoſe fiſhie and feminine mixture,as ſome conceive,were implyed the Moon and the Sca, or the Deity of the waters z and therefore, in their ſacrifi- ces they made oblations of fiſhes : from whence were probably occa- fioned the pictures of Nereides and Tritons among the Grecians, and ſuch as we reade in Macrobius, to have beene placed on the top of the temple of Saturne.

We are unwilling to queſtion the Royall ſupporters of England, that is, the approved deſcriptions of the Lion and the Unicorne z al-

though, if inthe Lion the poſition of the pizell be proper, and that the naturall ſituation it will be hard to make out their retrocopulation, or their coupling and piſſing backward, according to the determination of Ariſtotle; All that urine backward do copulate 729%"; clanatine, or

As for the Ulnicorne, if it have the head of a Deere, and the tayle of a Boare, as Vartomannus deſcribeth it, how agreeable it is in this pi- | ure every eye may diſcerne: if it be made biſulcousor cloyenfoor- ed, it agreeth unto the deſcription of Vartomannus, but ſcarce of any | other ; and Ariſtotle ſuppoſeth that ſuch as devide the hoofe doe double the horne ; they being both of the ſame nature, and admitting diviſion together. And laſtly, if the horne have this ſituation, and be

-rachel

how it can feed from the ground, and therefore we obſerve that Na- ture in other cornigerous animals, hath placed the hornes higher and reclining, as in Bucks ; in ſome inverted upwards,as in the Rhinoceros, the Indian Aſle, and the Unicornous Beetles, and thus have ſome afhr- med it is ſeated in this animall.

Wee cannot but obſerve that in the piure of Jonah and others, Whales are deſcribed with two prominent ſpouts on their heads ; whereas indeed they have but one in the forehead , and terminating over the windepide. Nor can we overlooke the piture of Elephan

ſo forwardly affixed, as is deſcribed, it will not be cafily conceived, |

ſtationary fortifications, and anſwerable unto the Armes of Caftile, or |

wood, and girt unto their bodies, as is delivered inthe books of Mac- cabees, and as they were appointed in the Army of Antiochus.

We will not diſpute the piQures of Telary Spiders, and their poſi- tion inthe web, which is commonly made lateral), and regarding the Horizon; alchough, if it be obſerved , wee ſhall commonly finde ir downeward, and their heads reſpeRing the Center : We will not con- trovertthe picture of the ſeven Stars, although if thereby be meant the Pleiades, or ſubconſtellation upon the back of Taurus, with what con- oruity they are deſcribed, either in fite or magnitude, ina cleere night an ordinary eye may diſcover, from July unto April. We will not que- ſtion the tongues of Adders and Vipers, deſcribed like an Anchor, nor the picture of the Flower de Zuce ; though how farre they agree unto their naturall draughts, let every SpeRator determine.

Many more there are whereof our pen ſhall take no notice, nor ſhall we urge their enquiry; we ſhall not enlarge with what incongruity,and how diſſenting from the pieces of Antiquity, the piures of their gods and goddeſſes are deſcribed, and how hereby their ſymbolicall ſence is loſt, although herein ic were not hard, to be informed from Phornu- tus, Fulgentius,and Albricus. Whether Hercules be more properly de- ſcribed ſtrangling then tearing the Lion , as ViRorius hath diſputed, nor how the characters and figures of the Signes and Planets be now perverted, as Salmaſius hath learnedly declared : Wee will diſpence with Beares with long tayles, ſuch as are deſcribed in the figures of heaven ; We ſhall tolerate flying Horſes, black Swans, Hydrae's, Cer- taur's, Harpies, and Satyres ; for theſe are monſtroſities, rarities,or elſe Poeticall fancies, whoſe ſhadowed moralities requite their ſubſtantiall | falſities : wherein indeed we muſt not deny a liberty , nor is the hand of the Painter more reſtrainable then the pen of the Poet , but where the real works of Nature,or veritable as of ſtory are to be deſcribed, digreſſionsare aberrations; and Art being but the Imitator or ſecon- dary repreſentor, it muſt not vary from the verity of the example, or deſcribe things otherwiſe then they truly are or have beene:for hereby introducing falſe Idea's of things, it perverts and deformes the face and ſymmettrie of truth.

({Enaialy of all men that ſuffered from the confufion of Babel, the Zgyprians found the beſt evaſion; for, _ words were con-

founded, they invented a language of things,and ſpake unto each other by common notions in Nature , whereby they diſcourſed in filence, and were intuitively underſtood from the theory of their Expreſſes :

for, they afſiumed the ſhipes of animals common unto all eyes, and by their conjunRions and compoſitions were able to communicate their conceptions unto #ny that coapprehended the Syntaxis of their natures. | This doe many conceive to have beene the primitive way of wiiting, and of greater Antiquity then letters; and this indeed might Adain well have ſpoken, who underſtanding the nature of things, had the ad- vantage of naturall expreſſions, which the Agyprians bur taking

truſt upon their owne or common opinion, trom conceded tniſtakes they authentically promoted errors, deſcribing in their Hieroglyphicks creatures of their owne invention; or from knowne and conceded ani- mals, erecting ſignitications not inferrible from their natures.

'And firſt , alchough there were more things in Nature then words which did exprefſethem, yet even in theſe mute and ilent diſcoutſes, toexpreſle complexed fignifications, they took a liberty to compoand and piece together creatures of allowable formes unto mixtures inex- ſtent and thus beganthe deſcriptions of Griphins, Bafilisks, Pheznfx, | and many more z which Emblematiſts and Heralds have entertained with fignifications anſwering their inſtitutions; Hieroglyphically ad- | ding Martegres, Wivernes, Lion- fiſhes, with divers others ; picces of good and allowable invention unto the prudent SpeRator , but are lookt on by vulgar eyes as literall truths, or abſurd impofſibilities ; whereas , indeed they are commendable inventions , and of laudable | ſignifications. | |

Againe, beſide theſe pieces fiftitiouſly ſet downe, and having no copy in Nature, they had many unqueſtionably drawne of inconſe- quent ſignification, nor naturally verifying their intention. Weeſhall inſtance but im tew,as they ſtand recorded by Orus: The mile ſex they exprefled by a Vulture, becauſe of Vultures all are females;amd impreg- nated by the winde, which 2uthentically tranſmitted hath paſſed ma- ny pens, and became the aſſertion of Zlian, Ambroſe, Bail, Ifidore, Tzctzes, Philes, and others; wherein notwithſtanding what injury is offered unto the Creation in this confinement of fex, and what diftur- bance unto Phyloſophy inthe conceſhon of windy conceptions , wee | ſhall nor here declate: By two dragmes they thought it ſufficient to ſignifie an heart, becauſe the heart at one yeare weigheth two dragmes, that is, a quarter of 2n ounce, and unto fifty yeares annually encreaſeth the weight of one dragme,after which inthe ſame proportion it yeare- ly decreaſeth; ſothat the life of a man doth not naturally extend above an hundred, and this was not onely 2 populary conceit, but conſentane- ous unto their Phyſical] principles, Heurnius hath accounted it , in his | Philoſdphica Barbarita, | A woman that hath but one childe, they expreſſe by a Lionefſe; for | that conceaveth but once : fecundity they {et forth by a Goate, becauſe but ſeven dayes old, it begthneth to uſe coition : the abortion of a wo-

manthey deſcribe by an horſe kicking a wolfe z becauſe a Mare will caſt her fole if ſhe tread in the track of that animall. Deformity t Ggnifie by a Beare, and an unſtable man by an Hyzna, becauſethar animall yearely exchangeth his ſex: A woman delivered of a female child, they imply by a Bull looking over his left ſhoulder , becauſe if in coition a Bull part from a Cow on that fide, the Calfe will prove a temale. - | All which with many more, how farre they conſent with truth, we, | ſhall not diſparage our Reader to diſpute ; and though ſome way al- lowable unto wiſer conceits, who could diſtinRlly receive their ſigni- | fications z yet carrying the majeſty of Hieroglyphicks, and fo tran{mit- red by Authors , they crept into a belicte with many, and favourable | doubt with moſt : And thus, I feare , it hath fared with the Hietogly- |phicall ſymboles of Scripture, which excellently intended in the ſpe- cies of things ſacrifized, in the prohibited meates , in the dreames of | Pharaoh, Joſeph,and many other paſſages, are oft times wrackt beyond cheir ſymbolizations, and iglarg'd into conſtruRions diſparaging their |

rue intentions. Cuay, XXL Compendiouſly of many queſtionable cuſtomes, opinions, piltaret, prattiſes, and popular obſer vations.

I, | F af Hare croſfſe the high way there are few above threeſcore that are not perplexed thereat , which notwithſtznding is but an Auguriall terror , according to that received expreſſion, 2n1»ſþicatum dut iter oblatus Lepwe, andthe ground of the conceit was probably no youen then chis, that a fearfull animall paſſing by us portended unto us omething to be feared ; as upon the like conſiderationthe meeting of a Fox preſaged ſome future impoſture, which was a ſuperſtitious ob- ſervation prohibited unto the Jews, as is expreſled in the Idolatry of Maimonides, and is referred unto the fin of an obſerver of Fortunes,or that abuſeth events unto good or bad ſignes, forbidden by the Law of Deut.z? |Moſes, which notwithſtanding ſometimes ſucceeding , according to feares or defires , have left impreſſions and timerous expeRations in credulous minds for ever.

| - 2+ That Owles and Ravens are ominous appearers, and prefignify- ing unlucky events, as Chriſtians yet conceit, was alſo an Auguriall conception. Becauſe many Ravens were ſcene when Alexander ente- red Babylon, they were he to preominate his death , and becauſe an Owle appeared before the batraile, it preſaged the ruine of Craffus, which though decrepite ſuperſtitions , and ſuch as had their nativity | pc Han ba arefreſh in the obſervation of many heads,

us. And therefore the Embleme of Superſtition was well ſet out by Ripa, in the picture of an Owle , an Hare, and anold woman; and it | no way confirmeth the Auguriall conſideration, that an Owle is a for- | bidden food inthe Law of Moſes; or that Jeruſalem was threatned by the Raven and the Owle, in that expreſſion of Elay 34, That it ſhould be a court for Owles, that the Cormorant and the Burtcrne ſhould poſ- ſefle it, and the Owle and the Raven dwell init; for thereby was only implyed their enſuing deſolation , as is expounded inthe words ſuc- | —_— ſhall draw upon it the line of contuſion, and the ſtones of emprineſle.

+ The falling of Salt is an authenticke preſagement of ill lucke, nor can every temper contemne it, from whence notwithſtanding no- thing can be naturally feared : nor was the ſamea generall prognoſticke of futureevill among the ancients, but a particular omination concern- ingthe breach of friendſhip: for ſalt as incorruptible , was the Sim- | bole of friendſhip, and betore the other ſervice was offered unto their gueſts; which if it caſually fell was accounted ominous, and their ami- | tie of no duration.

4- To breake the eggeſhell after the meat is-out , weeare taught in our childhood, and practiſe it all our lives, which aeverthelefle is but a ſuperſtitious reli& according to the judgement of Plinie z Huc perti- net ovorum ut exorbuerit quiſy, calices protinus frangi,aut eoſdem choclea- ribus perforari,and the intent hereof was to prevent witchcraft, tor leſt witches ſhould draw or pricketheir names thereio , and veneficioully [miſchicte their perſons , they broke the ſhell , as Dalecampius hath obſerved.